#3-56 UNF Torque Spec
Calculated preload torque by grade, plus what actually changes the number.
By grade
| Grade | Dry (lb-ft) | Lubed (lb-ft) | Dry (N·m) | Clamp load | Ultimate tensile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 2 Low/medium carbon steel, unmarked head | 0.356 | 0.267 | 0.483 | 215 lb | 387 lb |
| Grade 5 Medium carbon Q&T, 3 radial head marks | 0.55 | 0.413 | 0.746 | 333 lb | 627 lb |
| Grade 8 Medium carbon alloy Q&T, 6 radial head marks | 0.777 | 0.583 | 1.05 | 470 lb | 784 lb |
| 18-8 SS 304/18-8 stainless | 0.259 | 0.194 | 0.351 | 156 lb | 392 lb |
Why lubrication changes everything
Roughly 90% of the torque you apply is consumed by friction — under the head and in the threads. Only about 10% becomes useful bolt stretch. That means the friction coefficient, not the bolt, sets the relationship between torque and clamp load. Here is the same #3-56 UNF Grade 5 fastener under different conditions:
| Thread condition | Nut factor K | Torque for same preload |
|---|---|---|
| Plain / as-received, dry | 0.20 | 0.55 lb-ft |
| Zinc plated, dry | 0.22 | 0.605 lb-ft |
| Black oxide, lightly oiled | 0.18 | 0.495 lb-ft |
| Machine oil on threads | 0.15 | 0.413 lb-ft |
| Molybdenum disulfide / anti-seize | 0.12 | 0.33 lb-ft |
| Waxed or PTFE coated | 0.10 | 0.275 lb-ft |
Assumptions behind these numbers
T = K × D × F with K = 0.20, F = 0.75 × proof load, and proof load = tensile stress area (0.00523 in²) × the grade's proof strength. This is a general-engineering starting point for a reusable steel-on-steel joint. It is not a substitute for a manufacturer's torque sequence on an engine, a suspension component, a pressure vessel or any structural connection.